We have a guide here noting how you set up your instantSearch page to include filters, and a setup list here noting that you should enable "Site Search Categories" and enter your category parameters.
In addition, within Algolia, you can manage how you route your url state to your web page and, potentially, send events to Google Analytics.
Although we have an integration with Google Analytics, further details on how Google Analytics tracks a filter or other data may additionally require you to review Google Analytics documentation and support.